When no ions are produced, or the ion content is low, the solute is a non-electrolyte. Non-electrolytes do not conduct electricity or conduct it to a very small degree. Lactose is a sugar. Sugars are nonelectrolytes. KCl is a soluble salt made of metal and nonmetal ions. Strong Electrolyte: A strong electrolyte when dissolved in water forms a solution that is a very good conductor of electricity….
There are basically three types of electrolytes:. A strong electrolyte is a compound that dissociates completely into the positive cations and the negative anions in a solution. It conducts electricity well in a solution. An example of an ionic compound is KCl, or potassium chloride. It is a premium salt that is used for ice control, road stabilization, dust suppression, and in oilfield applications.
As a hygroscopic compound, calcium chloride is an excellent desiccant for removing dissolved water in liquids and is suitable for use in food packaging to increase dryness and prevent spoiling. Calcium chloride is created from the ionic bonds that form between calcium cations and chloride anions. On screen is the chemical reaction for the formation of calcium chloride.
Occurrence: Calcium chloride occurs in nature in its hydrated forms as the rare minerals sinjarite dihydrate and antarcticite hexahydrate. It is also found in large amounts in natural brine from salt lakes and salt deposits. Draw the Lewis dot structure for each atom of the compound to show how many valence electrons are present in each atom.
Electrolytes are substances which, when dissolved in water, break up into cations plus-charged ions and anions minus-charged ions. We say they ionize. That is, the principal species in solution for strong electrolytes are ions, while the principal specie in solution for weak electrolytes is the un-ionized compound itself. Strong electrolytes fall into three categories: strong acids , strong bases , and salts.
Salts are sometimes also called ionic compounds , but really strong bases are ionic compounds as well. Solutions of electrolytes are always required in batteries, even in dry cells. The simplest battery consists of two electrodes.
The figure here illustrates a copper-zinc battery. The left hand is a zinc electrode. The zinc atoms have a tendency to become ions, leaving the electrons behind. In dry cells, the solution is replaced by a paste so that the solution will not leak out of the package. When solutions of electrolytes are combined, the cations and anions will meet each other. When the ions are indifferent of each other, there is no reaction. However, some cations and anions may form a molecule or solid, and thus the cations and anions change partners.
These are called metathesis reactons, which include:. Redox reactions are also possible between the various ions. In fact, the battery operations involve redox reactions. Skill: Explain ion movement in a solution of electrolytes. Hint: b. Skill: Apply chemical knowledge to battery setups. A salt solution is usually used, but solutions of acids and bases will be all right. Skill: Distinguish strong and weak electrolytes. Skills to Develop Identify what electrolytes are.
Distinguish between strong and weak electrolytes. Explain what happens when electrolytes dissolve in water. Give the equilibrium constant expression for ionizaton. Explain ion product of water, autoionization of water, and pH. Calculate ionization percentage of weak electrolytes. Explain metathesis reactions.
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