According to the Hospital for Special Surgery , a SLAP injury can take between 6 weeks and 2 months to heal while a person receives treatments, such as medications, physical therapy, or cortisone injections. During the recovery period, a person should avoid using the shoulder as much as possible, which can involve taking a break from playing any sports. People who receive arthroscopic surgery for a torn labrum will generally experience a quicker recovery and less pain than those who require open surgery.
Athletes may take 6 months to 1 year to recover fully from the injury. A torn shoulder labrum often occurs as a result of overuse or from a blunt force trauma to the shoulder. When a labrum tear occurs, a person will experience shoulder pain, a reduced range of motion, and limited shoulder stability. Treatment often involves OTC medications, cortisone injections, and physical therapy.
Where possible, doctors will recommend nonsurgical forms of treatment. In more severe cases, a torn shoulder labrum may require surgery. Recovery times vary according to the severity of the injury. In the most severe cases, effective treatment can ensure that most people regain the majority of their ability to compete before the injury.
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What is a shoulder labrum tear? Medically reviewed by Timothy Gossett, M. Types Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Recovery Summary Labrum is soft cartilage that lines the ball-and-socket joints of the shoulders.
Share on Pinterest A person with a labrum tear may experience a grinding sensation when moving the shoulder. Reasons for tearing. Latest news Scientists identify new cause of vascular injury in type 2 diabetes. The second type of labrum tear is tearing within the substance of the labrum itself.
The edge of the labrum over time may get frayed so that the edge is not smooth. This type of tearing is quite common and rarely causes symptoms. It is seen frequently in the shoulder as people get older over 40 years of age. Sometimes the labrum may have a large tear where a portion of the labrum gets into the joint and causes clicking and catching as the ball moves around in the socket. This type of tear is very rare, and most labrum tears do not cause these symptoms.
A third type of labrum tear is in the area where the biceps tendon attaches to the upper end of the socket. The socket can be divided into four regions: anterior front , posterior back , superior the upper end near your head or inferior the lower end, which is toward the elbow. The biceps tendon attaches at the superior end, where it blends in with the labrum. The labrum runs from there around the joint, both in an anterior and in a posterior direction. Due to injury in this area where the biceps tendon attaches, the labrum also can get injured.
The injury in this area can be mild or it can be severe. Because the injury typically involves the biceps tendon and the labrum, because it is at the superior end of the socket and because it can affect the labrum attachments anterior and posterior to where the biceps attaches in this region, the acronym or abbreviation for this injury is a SLAP lesion. This stands for an injury that is superior labrum anterior and posterior. There have been several grading systems or classification systems of this injury.
In a lesser injury, the labrum is only partially detached in this area. In a more severe injury, the whole labrum is pulled off of the bone along with the biceps tendon. The most common classification divides SLAP lesions into four types. Because this cartilage is deep in the shoulder, it is very difficult to make the diagnosis of a torn labrum upon physical examination. There are several tests that the physician can perform that may indicate a torn labrum, but these tests are not always accurate.
The other problem is that labrum tears take different forms as described above, and certain tests will detect one kind of tear but not another. Some physicians feel very confident that they can make the diagnosis of a labral tear upon physical examination, but this is controversial. There are not many scientific studies that show that physical examination is reliable for making the diagnosis of a labral tear.
As a result of this uncertainty, other studies can be done to confirm the diagnosis if it is suspected. The best tests available to make the diagnosis of a labral tear are magnetic resonance imaging MRI scans or a test called a CT-arthrogram the latter is a CAT scan preceded by an arthrogram where dye is injected into the shoulder.
Both of these tests are relatively good at defining a labrum tear due to a subluxation or dislocation, but they are only around 80 percent to 85 percent accurate.
For that reason, some physicians believe that tests are not always needed if the diagnosis of subluxation or dislocation can be made by history and physical examination.
Neither of those tests is currently very good at making the diagnosis of a SLAP lesion. This area is very complex and it is difficult to reliably get good pictures of this area with MRI. However, if the MRI definitely shows a tear then frequently it will be present. The problem is that the MRI may miss smaller tears and cannot reliably make the diagnosis in larger tears of the labrum. The best way to make the diagnosis of labrum tearing is with arthroscopy of the shoulder.
Unfortunately this is an operative procedure and requires some form of anesthesia. Making the diagnosis also takes some experience on the part of the surgeon, since the anatomy of the inside of the shoulder can be quite complex. The relationship between labrum tears and symptoms has not been totally figured out, so it is not clearly known which ones should be repaired and which ones can be left alone.
The treatment depends upon which kind of tear there is in the labrum. Be sure to tell the doctor about any event that may have caused the pain.
The labrum tissue is too soft to show up in X-rays, but your doctor may order an X-ray to see if other injuries might be causing your pain. Your doctor may also perform an arthroscopic examination by inserting a tiny camera called an arthroscope through a small cut.
The camera will give your doctor a more detailed view of your labrum and any injuries to it. If you have a Bankart tear, your doctor or even your coach or trainer may be able to pop your upper arm back into place.
This should be followed by physical therapy. Rest is the most important one. Your doctor may also decide to give you cortisone injections for pain relief. Your doctor may recommend physical therapy to strengthen the muscles of your shoulder, especially the rotator cuff. You may also receive massages or manual therapy during visits. Your physical therapist will show you what positions and activities to avoid, as well as gentle stretches and exercises you can do at home.
A physical therapy program might last six weeks to two months, depending on how bad the injury is. During surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged part of the labrum. This can include cutting off any flaps of damaged cartilage that prevent proper motion of the joint. Your doctor will recommend a physical therapy program for your specific needs.
Sessions start with range-of-motion exercises and progress gradually to stretching and strengthening. Labrum surgery takes 9 to 12 months to completely heal, but you can quickly return to many activities. If you play a sport, such as tennis or baseball, that requires overarm motions, you may need to wait up to six months to regain endurance and speed in these motions.
Most torn labrums are easily treated with rest, physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of all three. Work closely with your doctor and physical therapist to find the best treatment options for you.
With proper treatment, your shoulder should return to its normal function within a year. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder. When you injure your rotator cuff, you need to exercise it for full recovery.
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