When the first UN Truce was applied two days later, the Syrian army had gained little in the north, the Egyptians had gained a foothold in the Negev desert in the south, and the Transjordanian and Israeli armies were exhausted. From June onwards, the UN tried to mediate and supervise a cease-fire. The UN Mediator, Count Folk Bernadotte, presented his own plan for resolution of the Palestine-Israeli conflict, disregarding both the UN partition plan and the results of the early rounds of fighting.
His ideas infuriated Jews because he wanted to virtually negate the establishment of Israel. After resubmitting revised ideas for resolving the conflict, he was killed in Jerusalem in September; his assistant the American Ralph Bunche succeeded him and mediated the armistice agreements signed at the end of the war. Phase three of the war last from July 8 to July 18, By then, the US State Department realized that Israel would win the war or at least not go down to a crushing defeat.
During the previous truce-period, Israeli and Arab forces used the lull in fighting to rearm and to reorganize. Arab forces increased to a total of 40,, Israeli forces to 60, Equipment and ammunition were replenished on both sides. Israel obtained oil from Rumania, guns and ammunition from Czechoslovakia and France, and continued political support from Russia.
During this phase, Israel consolidated its grip on the center and northern areas of Palestine, but still wanted to take the Negev desert in the south. When the fourth phase of the war started in October, Israeli forces had climbed to 90, men and women, including 5, volunteers from abroad. Meanwhile, Jordanian and Egyptian leaders continued to vilify each other. In late December, the United Nations, which had repeatedly called for a cease-fire and truce on all fronts, finally issued a request for a permanent armistice in all parts of Palestine.
Significantly, at the end of December , the UN passed a resolution suggesting that refugees wishing to return to their homes and live in peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so, or receive compensation for property left behind.
When this phase of the war ended on January 7, , Israeli forces had made it untenable for Egyptian troops to sustain a presence in the Negev area. On January 12 th , on the Island of Rhodes, Egyptian-Israeli armistice talks commenced, but no Arab state negotiated with Israel in face-to-face talks. Arab states did not permit a separate Palestinian delegation to negotiate with the Israelis.
Nonetheless, Egyptian-Israeli talks resulted in a signed armistice agreement on February 24, Iraq was the only Arab state not to sign an armistice agreement with Israel. No peace treaties were signed that ended the conflict between Israel and Arab states; that first treaty only came with the Egyptian-Israeli Treaty in No agreement was signed in between Israel and any Palestinian representatives; the first agreement signed between them was the Oslo Accord in After the war, what happened to the area that the UN proposed for an Arab and Jewish state in November ?
Israel controlled all of Palestine, with the exception of the Gaza Strip, which was administered by Egypt and the so-called West Bank of the Jordan River, taken during the war and eventually annexed by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in From until the end of the June War, the old city of Jerusalem and most Jewish Holy Sites fell totally under Jordanian control.
No economic union was created. And neither Jordan nor Egypt helped to establish a Palestinian state after the war in the Palestinian areas under their control, either in the Gaza Strip or West Bank.
The Jews, on the other hand, hoped to gain control over the territory allotted to them under the Partition Plan. After Israel declared its independence on May 14, , the fighting intensified with other Arab forces joining the Palestinian Arabs in attacking territory in the former Palestinian mandate.
This action was followed by the invasion of the former Palestinian mandate by Arab armies from Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Egypt. Saudi Arabia sent a formation that fought under the Egyptian command. British trained forces from Transjordan eventually intervened in the conflict, but only in areas that had been designated as part of the Arab state under the United Nations Partition Plan and the corpus separatum of Jerusalem.
After tense early fighting, Israeli forces, now under joint command, were able to gain the offensive. Though the United Nations brokered two cease-fires during the conflict, fighting continued into Israel and the Arab states did not reach any formal armistice agreements until February. The First Truce. The Second Truce. The Bernadotte Truce Plan. Armistice Lines — Israel-Egypt Armistice Agreement. Israel-Jordan Armistice Agreement. Israel-Lebanon Armistice Agreement.
Israel-Syria Armistice Agreement. Letter to Security Council on Armistice negotiations. Israel Accepts the Armistice. Call to the Parties to Cease-Fire. Call to the Parties to Cease-fire. Demilitarization of Mt.
Arab Armies Invade. Map of the Invasion. Arab League Invasion Declaration. The Battle for Degania. The Battle For Gush Etzion. The Battle for the Roads. Operation Danny. Operation Dekel. Operation Hamez. Operation Nachshon. The Old City Saga. Haganah Intelligence Report Regarding Jerusalem. The Bombing of the King David Hotel. Sinking the Emir Farouk. Deir Yassin. The Negev and The South. The Founding of the Israel Defense Forces.
The Palestinian Refugees. The Arab Refugees: The Jewish Refugees: POW Exchanges. Machal Volunteers. The Arab Invasion. The only way left for us is war. I will have the pleasure and honor to save Palestine. Powerful Arab interests, both inside and outside Palestine, are defying the resolution of the General Assembly and are engaged in a deliberate effort to alter by force the settlement envisaged therein. Some came through Jordan and even through Amman.
They were in reality to strike the first blow in the ruin of the Arabs of Palestine. This is not the first time that the Arab states, which organized the invasion of Palestine, have ignored a decision of the Security Council or of the General Assembly.
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