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Large-scale climatic and geophysical controls on the leaf economics spectrum. E— doi: Scale dependence of canopy trait distributions along a tropical forest elevation gradient. Plant Physiological Ecology I. Lange, O. Berlin: Springer , 57— Blonder, B. Predicting trait-environment relationships for venation networks along an Andes-Amazon elevation gradient. Ecology 98, — Boardman, N. Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants.
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A case for trait-based ecology. Niinemets, U. Photosynthetic acclimation to simultaneous and interacting environmental stresses along natural light gradients: optimality and constraints. Sun loving plants in general have thicker but smaller leaves that tolerate more light than shade plants.
Most vegetables, and some of the best flowers for cutting, need six or more hours of direct sun each day and would be happy with more. Many gardens have limited light levels due to an abundance of trees.
The best way to cope is to choose plants that do well in less light. Shade plants often have thin leaves with large surface areas. Thus they are anatomically adapted to be efficient at photosynthesis in low light. Bear in mind that shade plants are most likely to tolerate some sun in the early morning. Being more sensitive to light reduces their ability to withstand direct sunlight for an extended period of time: their foliage becomes bleached, their leaf margins scorch, or burn spots appear on the leaves.
If you notice these signs you may relocate the plant or create additional shade by adding a structure or planting a shrub or tree nearby.
Many shade plants have adapted to competition from trees, however, they may require supplemental water. To avoid the development of a fungus, always water plants in the morning to allow moisture to evaporate quickly from the foliage. Also, select disease resistant plants. Choosing shade lovers that are dry-site tolerant is the best option. In spite of the challenges, shade gardens can be very rewarding. They are often more restful than sunny landscapes. They change through the seasons with beautiful spring blooms, interesting summer textures, colorful fall foliage, and winter evergreens.
A woodland garden can be especially beautiful with its layers of trees, shrubs, and shorter plants. Add meandering paths to increase the enjoyment. Penn State Extension provides a list of shade tolerant trees, shrubs, and groundcovers.
Trees they recommend include: Allegheny serviceberry A. Some of the shrubs that tolerate shade better than most are chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia , common sweetshrub Calycanthus floridus , summersweet Clethra alnifolia , dwarf fothergilla Fothergilla gardenia , and witchhazel Hamamelis spp.
My favorite groundcovers on the list are wild ginger Asarum canadense , astilbe Astilbe spp. Let's Stay Connected. By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. View our privacy policy.
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